What term describes a result from a sample selection process where all members of a population have the same probability of being selected?

A random sample is a method of selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population in such a way that every possible sample has an equal chance of being chosen. This ensures that each member of the population has the same probability of being included in the sample, which is essential for statistical validity. A random sample minimizes bias and allows for the results to be generalized to the larger population, making it a fundamental concept in statistical research.

By employing randomness in the selection process, researchers can accurately estimate population parameters and test hypotheses with greater confidence. This concept contrasts with other terms provided. A sample simply refers to the selected group itself, while an anomaly denotes an outlier or an unexpected result that may not represent the underlying population. Deviation typically refers to the difference between observed and expected values, further emphasizing the importance of having a representative sample. Thus, the randomization process is crucial for obtaining valid and reliable results in statistical analysis.